翻译公司译员在训练的起步阶段，什么样的练习能帮助译员在强化短时记忆能力的同时逐步养成一心多用的工作习惯呢，就是影子练习。

　　In the initial stage of training, what kind of practice can help translators develop the multi-purpose work habit while strengthening their short-term memory ability, which is shadow practice.

　　我们知道，翻译公司译员在同传工作过程中，译员要在十分紧张的情况之下“一心多用”。如果以单位句子为微观步骤来查看同传的全过程，我们会看到，翻译公司译员要做到耳朵听着第三句，大脑想着第二句，嘴里说着第一句。这三项工作总是同时进行，因此译员必须合理调配自己的精力，使完成同传工作所需的三种资源能够持久应对处理大量快速进入译员大脑的信息的需求，同时还要加以协调。以保障资源调配的平衡。要做到这近乎完成程度的“分神”，不经过专业化针对性的训练是难以做到的。

　　We know that in the process of simultaneous interpreting, interpreters should "multipurpose" in a very tense situation. If we take the unit sentence as a microscopic step to see the whole process of simultaneous interpreting, we will see that the interpreter must listen to the third sentence, and the brain thinks about second sentences, and the first sentence is in his mouth. These three tasks are always carried out simultaneously, so the interpreter must allocate his energy rationally so that the three resources needed to accomplish simultaneous interpreting work can be sustained and cope with the needs of dealing with large numbers of information quickly entering the interpreter's brain, and at the same time, we should coordinate them. To ensure the balance of resource allocation. It is difficult to achieve this kind of "distraction" without specialized and targeted training.

　　影子练习是用同种语言几乎同步地跟读发言人的讲话或事先录制好的新闻录音、会议资料等。这是国内外各翻译公司最为常用的一项基本技能训练。在影子练习训练阶段，译员不用进行实质性的口译工作，而是为了适应一心多用的同传工作方式训练自己同步进行信息听辨、信息存储、信息加工、信息产出等多项任务。

　　Shadow practice is to follow the speaker's speech in the same language almost synchronously, or record news recordings and conference materials in advance. This is a basic skill training most commonly used by translation companies at home and abroad. In the shadow training stage, the interpreter does not need to do substantive interpretation work, but to adapt himself to the multipurpose simultaneous interpreting mode of training, and synchronize his own information listening, information storage, information processing, information output and other tasks.

　　影子练习口语分两个阶段来进行。在初级阶段也就是第一阶段做源语同步复述练习，要求译员在听取源语讲话的同时，紧紧跟随源语，几乎同步地将发言人的讲话或其他录音、录像等会议资料的内容完整准确地复述出来。在起步时，译员只需要进行同步复述并保持内容完整、连贯;等到译员达到较为熟练的程度后，翻译公司可以在译员完成同步复述之后增加一项任务，即概括所听内容大意，以便在进一步强化译员短时记忆力的基础上着重培养译员注意力分配能力、协调能力以及听说同步能力。

　　There are two stages in shadow oral practice. In the primary stage, i.e. the first stage, the simultaneous Retelling exercise of the source language is conducted. The interpreter is required to follow the source language closely while listening to the speech of the source language and repeat the contents of the speaker's speech or other conference materials such as audio and video recordings almost synchronously. At the beginning, the interpreter only needs to retell synchronously and keep the content complete and coherent; After the interpreter has reached a more proficient level, the translation company can add a task after the interpreter completes the synchronous retelling, that is, summarizing the main idea of the listening content, so as to cultivate the interpreter's ability of attention distribution, coordination and listening and speaking synchronization on the basis of further strengthening the interpreter's short-term memory.

　　有些既做同传又教同传的业内人士认为，要求逐字对应的影子练习会使学员养成追求字面对应、不动脑筋等不良习惯，而且影子练习并不能测试同传所需要的各项技能，因此不推荐在同传训练中使用。的确，源语同步复述练习从形式上来看就像鹦鹉学舌，源语发言人说一句什么，我们就立刻跟读一句什么。但如果运用得当，还是能起到训练的作用。